The Anatomy of Public Corruption

Connecting Fender Corporation to the TPG Bribery Scandal to Bennett's stolen music gear



Fender Musical Instruments Corporation

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Fender Musical Instruments Corporation
Formerly
Fender Electric Instrument Manufacturing Company
Private
IndustryMusical instruments
GenreMusic
FoundedFullerton, California, U.S. (1946; 73 years ago)
FounderClarence Leonidas Fender
HeadquartersScottsdale, Arizona, United States
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Andy Mooney (CEO)[1]
James S. Broenen (CFO)
Evan Jones (CMO)[2]
ProductsElectricacousticresonator & classical guitars
Acoustic & electric bassguitars
Banjos
Mandolins
Ukuleles
Harmonicas
Amplifiers
Effects units
Audio equipment
BrandsFender Custom Shop
Fender Japan
Squier
Gretsch
Jackson
Charvel
EVH
[3]
DivisionsCorona, California (USA) Ensenada, Baja California(Mexico)
Websitefender.com
Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC, or simply Fender) is an American manufacturer of stringed instruments and amplifiers. Fender produces acoustic guitarselectric bassesbass amplifiers and public addressequipment, but is best known for its solid-body electric guitars and bass guitars, particularly the StratocasterTelecasterPrecision Bass, and the Jazz Bass. The company was founded in Fullerton, California, by Clarence Leonidas "Leo" Fender in 1946. Its headquarters are in Scottsdale, Arizona.
FMIC is a privately held corporation, with Andy Mooney serving as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). The company filed for an initial public offering in March 2012,[4] but this was withdrawn[5][6] five months later. In addition to its Scottsdale headquarters, Fender has manufacturing facilities in Corona, California (US) and Ensenada, Baja California (Mexico).[7]
As of July 10, 2012, the majority shareholders of Fender were the private equity firm of Weston Presidio (43%), Japanese music distributors Yamano Music (14%) and Kanda Shokai (13%) and Servco Pacific (5%)[8][9]. In December 2012, TPG Growth (the middle market and growth equity investment platform of TPG Capital) and Servco Pacific took control of the company after acquiring the shares held by Weston Presidio.[10]

History[edit]

In 1950, Fender introduced the first mass-produced solid-body Spanish-style electric guitar, the Telecaster (originally named the Broadcaster for two-pickup models and Esquire for single-pickup).[11] Following its success, Fender created the first mass-produced electric bass, the Precision Bass (P-Bass). In 1954, Fender unveiled the Stratocaster ("Strat") guitar. With the Telecaster and Precision Bass having been on the market for some time, Leo Fender was able to incorporate input from working musicians into the Stratocaster's design.

Origins[edit]


Diagram of Leo Fender's lap steel guitar from 1944 patent application.
The company began as Fender's Radio Service in late 1938 in FullertonCalifornia. As a qualified electronics technician, Fender had repaired radios, phonographs, home audio amplifiers, public address systems and musical instrument amplifiers, all designs based on research developed and released to the public domain by Western Electric in the 1930s using vacuum tubes for amplification. The business also sidelined in carrying records for sale and the in rental of company-designed PA systems. Leo became intrigued by design flaws in contemporary musical instrument amplifiers and began building amplifiers based on his own designs or modifications to designs.
By the early 1940s, Leo Fender had entered into a partnership with Clayton Orr "Doc" Kauffman, and they formed the K & F Manufacturing Corp to design, manufacture, and market electric instruments and amplifiers. Production began in 1945 with Hawaiian lap steel guitars (incorporating a patented pickup) and amplifiers, sold as sets. By the end of the year, Fender became convinced that manufacturing was more profitable than repair, and decided to concentrate on that business instead. Kauffman remained unconvinced, and he and Fender amicably parted ways by early 1946. At that point, Fender renamed the company the Fender Electric Instrument Company. The service shop remained open until 1951, although Leo Fender did not personally supervise it after 1947.
Leo Fender's lap steel guitar made in 1946 for Noel Boggs was probably the very first product of the new company, bearing an early presentation of the cursive "big F" Fender logo.[12]
In the late 1940s, Fender began to experiment with more conventional guitar designs. Early Broadcasters were plagued with issues; while Fender boasted the strength of the instrument's one-piece maple neck, early adopters lamented its tendency to bow in humid weather. Fender's reluctant addition of a metal truss rod into the necks of his guitars allowed for the much needed ability to fine-tune the instrument to the musician's specific needs. With the design of the Telecaster finalized, mass production began in 1950. The Telecaster's bolted-on neck allowed for the instrument's body and neck to be milled and finished separately, and for the final assembling to be done quickly and cheaply by unskilled workers.

The Stratocaster was released in 1954.
In 1959, Fender released the Jazzmaster guitar. Like the Stratocaster before it, the Jazzmaster was a radical departure from previous guitar designs. The offset body, vibrato system and innovative electronics were designed to capture the Jazz guitar market which until then was dominated by acoustic guitars. Fender even promoted the Jazzmaster as a premium successor to the Stratocaster, an accolade it never fully achieved. Despite being shunned by the Jazz community, the guitar found a home in the growing surf rock music scene, one that would go into influence the Jazzmaster's successor, the Jaguar in 1962.

Sale to CBS[edit]

In early 1965, Leo Fender sold his companies to the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) for $13 million.[13][14] This was almost two million more than they had paid for The New York Yankees a year before. CBS entered the musical instruments field by acquiring the Fender companies (Fender Sales, Inc., Fender Electric Instrument Company, Inc., Fender Acoustic Instrument Company, Inc., Fender-Rhodes, Inc., Terrafen, Inc., Clef-Tronix, Inc., Randall Publishing Co., Inc., and V.C. Squier Company), as well as Electro-Music Inc. (Leslie speakers), Rogers drumsSteinway pianos, Gemeinhardt flutes, Lyon & Healy harps, Rodgers(institutional) organs, and Gulbransen home organs.
The sale was taken as a positive development, considering CBS's ability to bring in money and personnel who acquired a large inventory of Fender parts and unassembled guitars that were assembled and put to market. However, the sale also led to a reduction of the quality of Fender's guitars while under the management of "cost-cutting" CBS. Several cosmetic changes occurred after 1965/1966, such as a larger headstock shape on certain guitars. Bound necks with block shaped position markers were introduced in 1966. A bolder black headstock logo, as well as a brushed aluminum face plate with blue or red labels (depending the model) for the guitar and bass amplifiers became standard features, starting in late 1968. These first "silverface" amps added an aluminium trim detail around the speaker baffle until 1970.
Other cosmetic changes included a new "tailless" Fender amp decal and a sparkling orange grillcloth on certain amplifiers in the mid-1970s. Regarding guitars, in mid-1971 the usual four-bolt neck joint was changed to one using only three bolts, and a second string tree for the two middle (G and D) strings was added in late 1972. These changes were said to have been made to save money: while it suited the new 'improved' micro-tilt adjustment of the neck (previously requiring neck removal and shimming), the "Bullet" truss rod system, and a 5-way pickup selector on most models, it also resulted in a greater propensity toward mechanical failure of the guitars.
During the CBS era, the company did introduce some new instrument and amplifier designs. The Fender Starcaster was particularly unusual because of its shallow, yet completely hollow body design that still retained the traditional Fender bolt-on neck, albeit with a completely different headstock. The Starcaster also incorporated a new Humbucking pickup designed by Seth Lover, which became known as the Wide Range pickup. This pickup also gave rise to 3 new incarnations of the classic Telecaster: the Telecaster Custom, the Telecaster Deluxe and the Telecaster Thinline. Though more recent use by Jonny Greenwood of Radiohead has raised the Starcaster's profile, CBS-era instruments are generally much less coveted or collectable than the "pre-CBS" models created by Leo Fender prior to selling the Fender companies to CBS in 1965.
The culmination of the CBS "cost-cutting" may have occurred[citation needed] in 1983, when the Fender Stratocaster received a short-lived redesign including a single ("master") tone control, a bare-bones pickguard-mounted output jack, redesigned single-coil pickups, active electronics, and three push buttons for pickup selection (on the Elite Series). Additionally, previous models such as the Swinger (also known as Musiclander) and Custom (also known as Maverick) were perceived by some musicians as little more than attempts to squeeze profits out of factory stock. The so-called "pre-CBS cult" refers to the popularity of Fenders made before the sale.
After selling the Fender company, Leo Fender founded Music Man in 1975, and G&L Musical Instruments in 1979, both of which manufacture electric guitars and basses based on his later designs.

After CBS[edit]


Leo Fender and early guitar models at the Fender Guitar Factory Museum.
In 1985, in a campaign initiated by then CBS Musical Instruments division president William Schultz (1926–2006), the Fender Electric Instrument Manufacturing Company employees purchased the company from CBS and renamed it Fender Musical Instruments Corporation (FMIC). The sale did not include the old Fullerton factory; FMIC had to build a new facility in nearby Corona.
In 1991, FMIC moved its corporate headquarters from its Corona location to Scottsdale, Arizona, where "administration, marketing, advertising, sales and export operations" take place, not only for the United States operations, but many other countries also.[15] Fender guitars built in Ensenada, Mexico, now fulfill the primary export role formerly held by Japanese-made Fenders. The Japanese Fenders are now manufactured specifically for the Japanese market, with only a small number marked for export.
On February 11, 1994, the Ensenada plant burned down, and main production was temporarily moved to Corona.

Acquisitions and partnerships[edit]

FMIC has purchased a number of instrument brands and firms, including the Guild Guitar Company, the Sunn Amplifier Company, and SWR Sound Corporation. In early 2003, FMIC reached an agreement with the Gretsch family and began manufacturing and distributing new Gretsch guitars. Fender also owns Jackson, Olympia, Orpheum, Tacoma GuitarsSquier, and Brand X amps.
On October 28, 2007, Fender acquired Kaman Music Corporation, which owned the Ovation Guitar CompanyLatin Percussion and Toca hand percussion products, Gibraltar HardwareGenz Benz AmplificationCharvelHamer Guitars, and is the exclusive U.S. sales representative for Sabian Cymbals and exclusive worldwide distributor of Takamine Guitars and Gretsch Drums.
In 2011, Volkswagen partnered with Fender to manufacture premium sound systems for its vehicles in North America.[16] Volkswagen vehicles in North America that offer optional Fender Premium Sound are the Volkswagen GolfVolkswagen BeetleVolkswagen Jetta Sedan, Volkswagen Passat, and Volkswagen Tiguan.
In February 2015, KMC was sold by Fender to Jam Industries[17] by FMIC.[18]

Publications[edit]

Fender Frontline[edit]

Fender published the Fender Frontline magazine as a source of product, artist and technical data for the company's customers.[19] The first half featured interviews and articles about the guitars and the stars who played them, and the second half was a catalog section.[20]
Fender published 27 issues of the magazine from 1990 through 2000.[20] Notable interviewees included Kurt Cobain in Fall 1994, in what was his last interview.[21]Fender had designed a hybrid guitar for Cobain, known as a Jag Stang.[22][21] Other notable interviews featured Pink Floyd guitarist David Gilmour,[23] Glenn Hughesfrom Deep Purple,[24] and King Crimson's Adrian Belew.[25]
In 2001, Fender eliminated the interviews and features section, and Frontline became an annual illustrated price list until 2006, when it was replaced with a product guide.[20]

Product guide[edit]

Since February 2007, Fender produces an annual illustrated product guide in place of its traditional annual Frontline magazine. This change was made in large part due to costs associated with paying royalties for both print and the Internet. With the new illustrated product guide, this removed print issues. The new guide contains the entire range of instruments and amplifiers, with color pictures and basic specifications. These are available through guitar publications and are directly mailed to customers who sign up on the Fender website. As well as these printed formats, Fender Frontline Live launched at the winter NAMM show in January 2007 as a new online reference point, containing information on new products and live footage from the show.

Products[edit]

Fender's core product are electric guitars in Duo-SonicJaguarJazzmasterMustangTelecaster and Stratocaster models. This is alongside bass guitars in MustangJaguarJazz and Precision models. Fender also manufactures acoustic guitars, lap steels guitars, electric violins guitar/ bass amplifiers and the Fender Rhodes electric piano.

Squier[edit]

Squier was a string manufacturer that Fender acquired. Fender has used the Squier brand since 1982 to market inexpensive variants of Fender guitars to compete with Stratocaster copies, as the Stratocaster became more popular. Squier guitars have been manufactured in JapanKoreaMexicoIndiaIndonesiaChina and the United States of America.

See also[edit]


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From ENRON to TPG to Building 7 to the likely murder of Ken Lay

From ENRON to Building 7 to Ken Lay to the TPG Growth Bribery Scandal 

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Portland General Electric (PGE) is a Fortune 1000 public utility based in Portland, Oregon. .... On July 1, 1997, Enron Corporation bought PGE for $2 billion in stock and $1.1 billion in assumed debt. ... The TPG purchase offer was denied by the Oregon Public Utility Commission, a three-member regulatory board, on March 10 ...




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Cnetscandal.blogspot.com



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The Ghostship Fire and KKR, Pandora, TPG -the Happy Family and the Racketeering Case

David L. Milne and Joseph P. Kennedy

The original documents connected to my Grandfather David L.Milne were lost

THis long story is about databreaches, witness murders, private equity plays, mergers and acquisitions linked back to the Matter of Bennett v. Southern Pacific lost in 1989.  It was a winnable case as long as the witnesses testified. He was no longer Vertical as he was laid to rest before testimony.

Even though Bennett endured millions in losses in the form of new business, future business and real estate development plans all came to fruition as the shop was closing in on a million-dollar year in 1987.

Cnetscandal.blogspot.com
David Leslie Milne as seen 1940 SEC documents with American Institute of Accountants providing a reporting analysis of SEC Rules
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Pete Bennett founded Mainframe Designs Cabinets in 1980.
By the mid-80's customers were Chevron,Wendys,PG&E, Banks, Schools and Hospitials.
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